Explore the escalating tensions in the South China Sea as the Philippines and the US conduct their largest joint military exercises, Balikatan 2025, amidst China's controversial reef seizure.
On April 27, 2025, missiles illuminated the skies off the northern Philippines as the United States and Filipino forces launched their first integrated defense drills during the annual Balikatan 2025 exercises. This significant military event coincided with heightened tensions, as China announced it had seized control of Tiexian Reef (Sandy Cay), a disputed site near the Philippine-controlled Thitu Island in the Spratly Islands. South China Sea disputes continue to challenge regional stability, with Beijing claiming nearly the entire waterway despite an international ruling dismissing its legal basis.
Balikatan 2025: A Show of Strength
The Balikatan exercises, meaning "shoulder-to-shoulder" in Tagalog, involve approximately 17,000 personnel, including 9,000 American and 5,000 Filipino troops, alongside forces from 20 other nations. This year’s drills simulate a “full-scale battle scenario” aimed at deterring China’s ambitions in the contested South China Sea. In Zambales province, journalists witnessed the US Marine Corps’ MADIS short-range air defense system neutralize drones, working alongside the Philippines’ SPYDER missile system to counter simulated cruise missile threats.
“MADIS is short-range. SPYDER is medium-range, and together they enhance our collective lethality,” said Matthew Sladek, commander of the US 3rd Littoral Anti-Air Battalion.
China’s Reef Seizure Escalates Tensions
China’s state broadcaster CCTV reported that the Chinese Coast Guard had “implemented maritime control” over Tiexian Reef in April 2025, a move that has yet to receive an official response from the Philippine government. The reef’s proximity to Thitu Island, home to a Philippine military outpost, underscores the strategic importance of the Spratly Islands. The Philippines and China have faced months of confrontations in the region, with Chinese warships, including the aircraft carrier Shandong, spotted near Philippine waters during the Balikatan exercises.
Regional Implications and Criticism
US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth recently emphasized the US’s commitment to its alliance with the Philippines, highlighting the need for deterrence against “Communist Chinese” threats. However, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun criticized Balikatan 2025 as a destabilizing force in the region. As the exercises continue, upcoming simulations in Palawan will focus on defending against enemy landing forces, further testing the allies’ coordination.
An Interesting Fact About the Philippines
The Philippines is home to the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its extraordinary marine biodiversity. This protected area in the Sulu Sea hosts over 600 fish species and 360 coral species, making it a global hotspot for conservation.
Filipino Adobo: A Taste of Tradition
No exploration of the Philippines is complete without savoring Adobo, the country’s unofficial national dish. This savory, tangy dish, often made with chicken or pork, reflects the Philippines’ rich culinary heritage, blending indigenous, Chinese, Malay, and Spanish influences.
Chicken Adobo Recipe (Serves 4):
- Ingredients: 2 lbs chicken thighs, 1/2 cup soy sauce, 1/2 cup white vinegar, 1 cup water, 1 onion (sliced), 4 garlic cloves (minced), 2 bay leaves, 1 tsp black peppercorns, 2 tbsp cooking oil, optional: 1 potato (cubed), 2 boiled eggs.
- Instructions:
- Marinate chicken in soy sauce, vinegar, garlic, bay leaves, and peppercorns for 30 minutes (optional).
- Sauté onion in heated oil until translucent.
- Brown chicken lightly, reserving marinade.
- Add marinade and water, simmer for 30-40 minutes.
- Add potatoes halfway (if using) and eggs in the last 5 minutes.
- Serve with steamed rice.
Conclusion
The Balikatan 2025 exercises underscore the deepening military alliance between the Philippines and the US amid escalating tensions in the South China Sea. As China’s actions, such as the seizure of Tiexian Reef, continue to challenge regional stability, these joint drills serve as a critical demonstration of deterrence and cooperation. Stay tuned for updates on this evolving geopolitical situation.